Guide to History +

The Bureaucracy at Work

tyler — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:42:52 +0000

Bureaucracy is a common way of life for the americans. some words to know are:

Client Group- people in an agency that are affected by major decisions.

Liaison Officer- help premote good relations with congress.

Injunction- an order that will stop a priticular item.

Iron triangle- client groups work together.

United States Government: Democracy in Action. Pages 291-298

Federal Budget

tyler — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:42:52 +0000

Our federal budget is based on the money we need to the money for the we can export. Some words to remember are:

Fiscal Year- a year for money October 1- September 30

Uncontrollables- Expendisures required by the laws. b y previous budgets.

Entitlement- Benefits given by congress for the law of every individule.

Incrementalism- When the total budget from 1 year to the next does not change that much.

United States Government: Democracy in Action. Pages 560-564.

Raising Money

tyler — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:42:52 +0000

One of the easiest forms of government money is by a tax, or a money given in for something from you. Some words to know are:

Taxes- money given by people to help the government.

Taxable Income- The money left after taxes are taken out.

Dependent- A person who needs another to live, gives money back in taxes.

Withholding- Pays any tax before April 15.

Securities- Financial instruments like a bond or a or certificatopn.

National Debt- Money owed to another country from borrowing.

United States Government: Democracy in Action. Pages 555-559

Regulations of the Media

tyler — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:42:52 +0000

We don’t see it, but the media have laws on which they can say about something or on something. Some words to know are:

Prior Restraint- Government cencorship of any information.

Libel- A way of hurting someone through lies, or a form of slander.

Shield Laws- Protect the media from laws nor.mally that would be violated.

Equal Time Doctrine- give equal time to candidates.

Fairness Doctrine- Must give a news or announcement when needed.

United States Government: Democracy in Action. Pages 543-548

Karma Tycoon

Stephanie — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:42:52 +0000

Karma Tycoon is a game where you help the virtual US by giving food, helping people, and building shelters. You start by choosing a city, and then you choose from many different spots within that city, where you will build your shelter, etc.

Username: nicholscivics — Password: woodsville

http://www.karmatycoon.com/

How media Impacts the Government

tyler — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:42:52 +0000

Our media is the perfect way for our government officals to give us information and tell us what is happening around us. Some words to know are:

News Release- pre made paper for the press.

News Briefing- An afficial makes an anouncement about something.

Leak- release of secret information.

Media Event- a pleasing visual piece to support a political figure.

Front-Runner- an early leader.

Spot Advertising- Uses short commercials to tell what they want.

United States Government: Democracy in Action. Pages 534-541

Structer of Mass Media

tyler — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:42:52 +0000

Our mass media is a huge part of our culture, and it helps the politics and other forms of entertainment. Some words to know are-

Mass Media- Way of giving information for long distances to all people.

Newspaper Chain- Owns multiple newspapers in the country.

Wire Service- Organization that employs reporters to research and examine all facts of a story.

Ratings- who gets the advertisements money.

United States Government: Democracy in Action. Pages 527-533

Measuring Public Opinion

tyler — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:42:52 +0000

A few simple words to know for understanding public opinion are:

Biased Sample- people who respond are picked.

Universe- Studied in a poll or survey.

Representative Sample- small group that is a part of the universe.

Random Sampling- everyone has an equal chance of being picked.

Sampling Error- Differ from the universe.

Cluster Sample- Organizes people by divisions and parts of the state.

United States Government: Democracy in Action. Pages 519-522

Shaping Public Opinion

tyler — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:42:27 +0000

People need to be taught how you are going to fix the main problems. All they need to do is explain it, some words to knowe are:

Public Opinion- Ideas of lots of americans.

Peer Group- Not yet involved in politics.

Mass Media- Advertise and show their ideas through things like TV and newspapers.

Political Culture- Set of basic values that any person who is a political delegate will follow.

United States Government: Democracy in Action. Pages512-517.

New Hampshire Charitable Foundation

cayla — Fri, 05 Jun 2009 11:42:27 +0000

A community foundation is a charity created by and for the people in a local area. These foundations allow local donors to take an organized approach to giving, and to better understand the needs in their region. Of the more than 700 community foundations nationwide, the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation is among the oldest and largest.

http://www.nhcf.org/page16865.cfm